IntroductionBody area networks (BANs) are a form of wireless personal area network (WPAN) and has recently been accepted as fourth generation mobile communication systems taking the form of human-to-human networks. man incorporating wearable sensors and communication. BAN is normally thought of as a wireless sensor network (WSN), however in this article we try to delve deeper into how BAN works. BAN can take various forms, incorporates the use of sensors that can be found in, on or around the body, and uses different types of communication. In the following section we will delve into the specific communication architecture used by BAN. Communication Architecture (by Ivy Wainaina) The communication architecture of BAN is divided into 3 levels, namely: • Level 1 – Intra-ban communication design • Level 2 – Inter-ban communication design• Level 3: Design of communication beyond the banAs shown in the following image, illustrates an example of a BAN implementation.Figure 1: BAN 3-layer communication architecture.Intra-BANG communication designManages communication between body sensors and communication between sensors with the personal server (PS). The design of this layer is critical since sensors are battery operated and have low bit rates, so it is important that an energy efficient MAC protocol with QoS provisioning is available. The connection between the sensors and the PS can be wired or wireless. In wired mode they use MIThril and SMART to connect the sensors to the PS. MIThril is a wearable computing platform used to monitor the user's physiological state and surrounding environment in real time. In wireless they use CodeBlue to connect sensors directly to access points. The implemented topologies are star and mesh. In a star...... middle of paper...... (IOT), the use of BAN is increasing exponentially in society from clothing, shoes, body prosthetics and other wearable sensors. The BAN is capable of connecting to WSN as shown in Figure 7 below. For example, a patient with chronic diseases such as heart, liver, and kidney disease might have sensors placed in or on their body and in their surroundings such as chairs or a bed. In this case, if a cardiac arrest occurs, the body sensor will transmit this information to the doctors, also with the integration with WSN the doctor is able to determine the exact position of the patient (the chair). The challenge for engineers, especially in developing countries, is to come up with customized uses of BAN, keeping in mind that timely transmission and synchronization of data from various sensors are crucial in the use of BAN. Figure 7: IOT and BAN