Topic > Essay on Salinity of Soil - 1951

Review of Literature: A review of literature reveals that much experimental research has been conducted to determine the various factors leading to salinity/sodicity of soils in order to find the most effective for the best treatment of these types of soils and making them cultivable. Experiments have been conducted on different types of soil, irrigation water and agricultural crops trying to collect all the pieces of the puzzle to solve the problem of salty soils, which threaten the availability of natural food resources for living things. These experiments have led to the conclusion of a series of techniques, which; if used correctly, it will improve the soil and make it suitable for agriculture. Among them, scientists have discovered methods to remove salts from the root zones of plants such as leaching and drainage. They also invented some chemicals to enrich the soil and reduce the amount of salt components, "Na+ for example", such as soil improvers and organic fertilizers. Additionally, they studied the effects of irrigation water on soil salinity to see if there is a correlation between the two. An example of the implementation of these methods are the projects carried out by the Executive Authority for Land Improvement Projects (EALIP) in Egypt for the management and restoration of deteriorated soils. The project includes the application of gypsum to improve the productivity of sodic soils, sub-soiling to improve soil properties, leveling and reshaping of land for better water management and improvement of drainage and drainage system. channels for the control of salinity and water stagnation (EALIP, 2003). Other research was conducted by the Carrington Research Extension Center at North Dakota State University (2009) to manage soil salinity by adding raw materials… half paper… (PAM) as a soil amendment. PAM is applied to increase soil ventilation and porosity and reduce compaction, dirt and water runoff. PAM solutions are applied in irrigation channels using the patch technique at a concentration of 200 mg/l. When the irrigation water comes into contact with the chalk that we have spread in the soil, it dissolves in the "Ca2+" and "SO42-" ions which slightly increase the salinity of the water, reducing the SAR of the soil. The “Ca2+” cations are free to replace the “Na+” cations, thus improving flocculation, improving soil structure and increasing the water infiltration rate. Frequent amounts of water should be added to the furrow for 1-2 weeks during the summer and 3-4 weeks during the winter to ensure that the date palm does not suffer from water shortage during different seasons. (Gharaibeh, M.A., Eltaif, N.I., and Albalasmeh, A. A.)