Research studies were conducted in three schools in Canada, two of which were primary schools, regarding the suitability of testing children only on print-based literacy and whether popular culture is indeed recognized and considered in children's literacy skills and in school literacy education and assessment. This article is useful for my research as it provides findings of successfully using popular culture in classrooms, encouraging and promoting engagement and inclusion across a range of abilities. The main limitation of this article is the size of the research samples, which therefore requires more in-depth research to be undertaken. I found that this article was not as relevant to my research as others, however I used it to support the successful use of popular culture in classrooms and to promote engagement in