IndexApplicationsEfficiencyDisposable dangersCostCapacityThe main differences between the two types of batteries are that one is rechargeable (secondary) and the other is non-rechargeable (primary). Rechargeable batteries are batteries made up of reversible reactions that allow them to recharge, or recover their potential, thanks to the work done by the passage of electrical energy. Secondary cells can charge and discharge many times. Primary cells cannot be reused. The electrochemical reaction is not reversible, so it cannot be used more than once. It is a cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through an irreversible chemical reaction. A battery is made up of many cells and that is where storage and discharging take place. Electrochemical cells consist of two electrodes, the space between them is filled with an electrolyte (ionic liquid that conducts electricity). On the right side of the battery is the anode that releases the electrons and on the other side on the left is the anode that receives the electrons. The anode undergoes the oxidation reaction and the cathode undergoes a reduction reaction. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The chemical reaction at the anode releases electrons and the cathode absorbs them. When electrolytes and external electrical circuits provide the electrical path, they connect the anode and cathode. The reactions proceed and the electrons are released at the anode and travel through the external electrical connection, they react chemically until they run out of electrodes, then no reactions can occur. This means that in a primary cell the battery is no longer useful and should be disposed of. In the secondary battery, however, it means that it is time to recharge the battery. It does this through an external source of direct electrical current that delivers electrons to the anode which removes them from the cathode, reversing the chemical reactions until charging. The voltage is generated by the movement of the electron between the two half-cells. For example, in the zinc-carbon cell, the zinc rod releases electrons and releases Zn2+ into the solution. The negatively charged electrons flow through the external circuit to the copper rod so that it can combine with Cu2+ ions and thus can form copper atoms. The right hand of the half-cell is a positioning charge that travels across the salt bridge, due to this arrangement it pushes the electrons and ions around it generating a voltage. Differences between the two: Primary cells do not have free flowing electrolytes, so instead of having separators that hold the electrolytes inside them, this is because they lack quantities of liquid electrolyte, for example batteries are called dry cells while the secondary cells contain the liquid electrolyte and are called wet cells. Some examples of primary cells are batteries used in toys, radios, and some electronic products. Instead, car batteries are backup power sources and are usually secondary cells. They require a liquid electrolyte. Secondary cells are generally larger than primary cells. Primary cells are less expensive than secondary cells. This is because the construction of primary cells is simpler while secondary cells require additional maintenance. Applications Primary batteries can be used in a wide range of applications because they are small and lightweight, so can be easily carried around, usually found in toys, watches, radios etc. Secondary cells are used in automobiles as they are rechargeable and oneprimary battery does not last as long as a secondary battery, so they are used in cars etc. Primary batteries should be replaced after a month or two because they have a short lifespan. Secondary cells are more durable than primary batteries and in most cases also larger. Efficiency Primary batteries have a short lifespan and their overall energy efficiency, single-use, disposable, only produce about 2% of the energy used in their production. The secondary batteries have a long life and can be used for approximately 25 hours but can also be recharged. Primary batteries cannot be recharged, so they can only be used for a certain period of time and then must be disposed of. Disposable Hazards Primary batteries have no advantages when disposed of. Secondary batteries create less chemical pollution as not many batteries are disposed of compared to primary batteries, so they create less pollution. The disposable risk of disposing of primary batteries is that it creates chemical pollution, and this is harmful to the environment as they contribute to air pollution and global warming. Secondary batteries continue to create pollution when some are disposed of. Cost Primary batteries are less expensive than secondary batteries. Secondary batteries have a longer lifespan as they are rechargeable and can be stored for a long time. Primary batteries have a short lifespan, so they are expensive as they do not last when used as a secondary battery. Secondary batteries are more expensive than primary batteries. Capacity The capacity of the primary battery is high, for example lead-acid capacity% is 35. And a AA battery has a capacity of 2400 (mAh) and the typical consumption is 50 (mA). The capacity of the secondary battery is higher than the primary one, for example, silver-zinc has a% capacity of 85. And a AAA has a capacity of 1000 (mAh) and has a typical consumption of 10 (mA). The primary battery has a lower capacity than a secondary battery, so in terms of which is more efficient it would be a secondary battery. A device that is portable and consists of a secondary battery is an Apple iPhone. The phone has a built-in rechargeable battery and is a lithium-ion battery. They decided to choose lithium as the battery because it charges faster, they also have long life (last longer), and have high power density for longer battery life in a lighter package. The battery uses fast charging to quickly reach 80% of its capacity. Then switch to slower charging. The time it takes for the battery to reach 80% varies depending on the device setting. This combined process allows a person to go out sooner and also increases the battery life of the device. The lithium-ion battery can be charged at any time, to any percentage. The lithium battery works on charging cycles. A full cycle is when you've used 100% of the battery's capacity (it doesn't have to come from one charge). For example, a person can use 75% of the battery's capacity one day, then recharge it overnight. If the person were to use 25% the next day, the total discharge would be 100% and the two days would add up to one recharge cycle. The capacity of any other type of battery would be demolished after a certain period of charging. With lithium-ion batteries, capacity reduces slightly with each full charge. Are designed to maintain 80% of their original capacity for most of the capacity for.