There are many issues facing African Americans in today's society, many of which I did not realize until after taking Africana Studies. Some issues focus on the terrible past of the transatlantic slave trade, which is not only history, but also part of African American heritage (Karenga, 2010). African Americans often experience many dangerous problems, such as dire economic situations and feelings of hostility from the American cultural mainstream (Kaufman, 1971). The cultural clash between African Americans and whites continues to create several problems in society. African Americans are susceptible to racial discrimination, a reality that ultimately shapes the way African Americans live (Hine, et. al., 2012). For many people, the term slavery suggests the enslavement of Africans transported by the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. But for Karenga the term slave means much more. Karenga refers to the transatlantic slave trade as the “Holocaust of Slavery,” which is a much more powerful definition of slavery. The slave trade involved the imprisonment, purchase, or discarding of an individual with the intent of enslaving him or her; this included all actions involved in purchasing a slave with the intention of selling or exchanging the person (Karenga, 2010). Inequalities resulting from the transatlantic slave trade continue to afflict people of African descent. Even today, African Americans feel the effects of slavery. These issues are not just about the history of African slavery: they represent the very legacy of African Americans (Bogue, 1977). Growing up in a predominantly white community, I never fully realized the harsh realities of the Transatlantic. .. middle of paper ......ion: a history of European racism (book review). Commentary, 6686. Frederickson, G. M. (1977). Malthus' legacy: the social costs of the new scientific racism (Book Review). New York Times Book Review, 7.Hine, D., Hine, W., & Harrold, S. (2012). African Americans: A Concise History (Fourth ed.). Karenga, M. (2010). Introduction to Black Studies (Fourth ed.). Kaufman, P. T. (1971). The Political Economy of the Black Ghetto (Book Review). Library Journal (1876), 961608Shillington, K. (2005). History of Africa (second ed.). Voegeli, V. J. (1968). The Anti-Slavery Frontier: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Controversy over the Extension of Slavery (Book Review). The Journal of American History, 55139.Weare, W.B. (1979). The Roots of Black Poverty: The Post-Civil War Southern Plantation Economy (book review). The American historical review, 841170.