Although the heinous act of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) does not have a universal definition, the characteristic that usually constitutes such abuse is the presence of a dominant adult who may force or coerce a child into any form of physical or non-physical sexual exploitation. Attempts have been made to classify the various levels of abuse that can occur, including; no contact, genital contact, attempted penetration, and act of penetration (Martin & Silverstone, 2013). Despite careful attempts to categorize abuse, these same attempts have been produced alongside the argument that most CSA occurs “below the surface” and echoes a widely held misconception that child sexual abuse remains a invisible crime. Social attitudes and the lack of a collective definition of child sexual abuse can help hide the true extent of the problem; as no universally recognized understanding keeps the nature of the problem ambiguous (Crooks & Baur, 1996). The idea that child abuse is one of the most hidden and invisible crimes of contemporary civil society; has slowly become dated (D. Nanjunda, 2008). Many academic studies find it difficult to determine the true prevalence of CSA, due to the contrasting methodological techniques adopted by various researchers; such as Summit's (1983) analytical model and the work of Budin and Johnson (1989), all informed by contrasting data sets (Gilbert et al 2009). With such difficulties it would be detrimental to the study area to boldly state that 95% of CSA is never disclosed or occurs “below the surface,” as Martin and Silverstone (2013) argued in their research. It is harmful as discussed above; claims made by conflicting research will report a false… half of the paper… subtle research on CSA and rape (Bell et al, 2006), fictional vignettes. However, due to the contemporary nature of the issue explored, there are limitations in previous work, such as unrealistic scenarios that do not represent the real nature of the issues; they will therefore be avoided to ensure the maintenance of strong methodological validity. Attempts to explore perceptions and attitudes regarding abuse using small sample qualitative work such as Budin and Johnson (1989) will not provide adequate numbers of participants or the appropriate procedure needed. The main limitation observable in previous studies are the non-representative methods that adopt unrealistic scenarios or built on small samples incapable of providing valid public perception. The originality and contemporary objectives of the study will be measured using the most appropriate methods to explore the issues at hand.
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