In 1982, the political scientist James Q. Wilson and the criminologist psychologist George Kelling, both Americans, published a study in The Atlantic Monthly that for the first time established a causal link between disorder and crime. In that study, titled Policing and Neighborhood Safety, the authors used the image of broken windows to explain how disorder and crime could slowly seep into a community, causing its decline and resulting lower quality of life. Wilson and Kelling argued that if a window in a factory or office was broken and not repaired immediately, people passing by would conclude that no one cared about that location. In other words, people would believe that no one was responsible. Kelling and Catherine Coles have published the definitive work on broken windows theory: Fixing Broken Windows – Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities. In this work the authors will go further and demonstrate the causal relationship between violent crime and the non-prosecution of minor crimes. Since disorder leads to crime, tolerance for petty crimes and misdemeanors inevitably leads to violent crime. The authors attribute the original “growth of disorder” in the 1960s to the valorization and combination of the decriminalization of public drunkenness and the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. The primary window for this backspace in America was vagrancy and vagrancy laws. Both these factors opened an opening for drunkards and beggars to take to the streets according to the method. This field of study is not able to affirm this type of hypothesis. But all this discussion about the broken windows theory leads us to think: why not try to prevent the crime instead of acting after the crime has been committed? The main idea of Kelling and Wilson was applied in this specific case of the New York subway and was successful. The idea that the police should work with greater involvement in the community is positive for all parties. The ideal of prevention should be more widespread in all sectors to focus on the roots of the problems. The main point of this strategy is not to wait until serious crimes occur to intervene, on the contrary, it is necessary to deal with disorderly behavior promptly and this form contributes to the development of all
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