The fundamental improvement in patient safety has triggered a tremendous amount of positive change in the healthcare system. There were “1.6 million adverse events each year resulting in 180,000 deaths” (Liang & Mackey, 2011). In one review, avoidable errors led to $19.5 billion in healthcare costs (Liang & Mackey, 2011). The National Patient Safety Agency analyzed 425 deaths that occurred in acute care hospitals and found that “15% of deaths were related to unrecognized patient deterioration” (Higgins, Maries-Tillot, Quinton, & Richmond, 2008). This finding led to the Institute for Health Care Improvement's promotion of the use of an early warning scoring system to assist in identifying deteriorating patients (Albert & Huesman, 2011). The term “failure to rescue” refers to a clinical scenario in which hospital doctors, nurses or healthcare workers fail to recognize the symptoms. Rescuers do not respond adequately to clinical signs that could prevent harm (Morse, 2008, p.2). Dr. Jeffery H. Silber, director of the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, first coined the term “failure to save” in the 1990s. He characterized the matrix of institutional and individual errors that contribute to patient deaths as “failure to save” (Aleccia, 2008). Since 1990, it has been well documented that patients typically show signs and symptoms of impending cardiac or respiratory arrest 6–8 hours before arrest (Schein, Hazday, Pena, Ruben, & Spring, 1990). Research by Buist, Bernard, Nguyen, Moore, and Anderson (2004) reported similar findings. They found that patients had documented clinically abnormal signs and symptoms prior to arrest (Buist, et al., 2004). When some abnormal signs and symptoms are identified early, critical bedside consultation… half of the paper… IT. Integrating an early warning scoring system with nursing practice is a means by which nursing technology and knowledge evolve into “applied wisdom” (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012). The data is represented by vital signs. Collecting vital signs will generate information. The information will be entered into the system and will alert the nurse if there are any abnormal results. The nursery steps can only be performed by the nurse. Critical thinking, interpretation, and application of patient record findings are the next steps. Nurses must be able to apply the information in their nursing practice to continue to develop and provide the best patient care. As technology continues to expand into many clinical areas, nurses will need to continue to understand how the world of technology translates to patients.
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