While classicism focused on the offense and the free will of the offender, positivism focused on the offender and the fact that his behavior was determined due to biological and psychological influences (Newburn, 2013). Furthermore, positivism responded to crime by viewing it as an illness that needed to be cured, in stark contrast to classicism's promotion of punishment. Positivism branches into three types of theory: psychological, sociological, and biological. Outlined, the psychological theory examines internal factors such as learned behavior and criminal personality. Sociological theory takes into account culture, society and some agents of socialization (Burke,