Sigmund Freud was a psychologist known as the "father of psychoanalysis" who believed that our sense of moral understanding was the result of the conditioning of a growing being. He argued that the human mind or "psyche" is divided into three parts; the id, which contains the essential and primitive, desires for example hunger, thirst and lust; the ego, which involves perceptions of the external world that make us aware of the "reality principle", the most external aspect of our personality, and the superego, which contains the conscience that punishes bad behavior with guilt , and the ego-ideal that praises good deeds. Freud argued that for the psyche to be healthy there must be balance between the ego and the superego, therefore Freud stated that beliefs based on religion were part of an "adolescent stage in the development of the human race from which humanity should start ". free himself." Freud formulated a theory of religion that he explains in Totem and Taboo, which was influenced by works such as Robertson-Smith's The Religion of the Semites, Darwin's The Descent of Man, and Frazer's The Descent of Man. golden branch. Emphasizes that guilt plays a fundamental role in the psyche. Guilt must have had an original cause. At some point in history there must have been a violation of the law that created an “intrinsic” feeling of guilt. Freud continues to trace this phenomenon back to when humans were a group called the "primordial horde." In these groups of primitive humans there was always a dominant male, for example, as in wolf packs his theory on the sense of guilt that originates in the Oedipus complex, where younger males become jealous of the fact that the alpha male can choose over the woman he has as a partner. This horde acts as an ideological state apparatus, come on... ... middle of paper ......ent? Based on Feuerbach's analysis, it is not simply Christianity, but atheism itself, that can be considered a projection of human hopes. In conclusion, Freud (and subsequently his theories) addresses religion in a very biased way, seeing it as a crutch for the weak, a coping mechanism. This pessimistic perspective is actually paradoxical, since many people become interested in religion as an informed choice, because they grew up with it or based on a feeling. He makes some valid points in terms of the nonconformist era and creates a great model of the mind that takes into account various biological, psychological and social factors, however in our modern age society is too diverse and people have too many individuals. differences to make comparisons like these, so the extent to which Freud contributes to the study of religion is limited if not obsolete.