Critically discuss the conditionality of IMF loans from the perspective of different IPE theories. There are three IPEs (international political economy) which include the national economic perspective, the national liberal perspective and critical perspective. These theories are used to analyze the global political economy. National economic perspective. The national economic perspective challenges the importance of states' national interest and understanding of actions in a global perspective. This perspective is a state-centered theory, so it focuses primarily on the interests of states themselves. Furthermore, this theory dates back to the birth and expansion of nation states in Europe in the 15th century. However, “mercantilists believed that there was a limited amount of capital in the world and that each nation should focus on its own self-interest by limiting trade with other nations.” Furthermore, this was called a “zero-sum game”. “One nation wins and another nation loses.” Two well-known devotees of the mercantilist approach were Alexander Hamilton and Fredrick List. “List argued that Germany should industrialize across trade barriers, to catch up with the large economy of the United Kingdom.” However, there are also some developed countries that use this approach for a specific reason, for example; the United States used this theory on a specific division. How to protect the aerospace industry. Therefore, there are key players in the national economic outlook; the State is the main actor of international economic policy. Therefore, this theory focuses on states rather than individuals (O'Brien and Williams 2013 p.9). However, there are two main claims of this approach, one is that the interstate system is radical and therefore it is the obligation.. .... middle of paper ......economic difficulties. Countries must resolve their economic difficulties in such a way that they do not affect the international economy. Therefore, countries should repay the loans plus interest and the funds provided by the IMF should be used as in the IMF agreements and rules. However, there are several methods that a country must accept before obtaining financial support from the IMF, such as preventive actions, quantitative performance criteria, indicative targets and structural benchmarks. First, preventive actions are procedures that a nation agrees to carry out before financial support is approved by the IMF. For example, the official budget agreement on programs. Second, quantitative performance criteria are special conditions that must be met to complete the analysis. Third, indicative targets are set to improve QPCs (quantitative performance criteria).)