A collapse of the dominant international theories practiced during the 19th and 20th centuries showed a tendency to move away from realism, where power politics for the control of land dominated foreign policies, to liberalism, with international economic interdependence and the development of international non-governmental agencies. International politics has ceased to be an “all for one” attitude as modern technology has brought global economies and a social awareness that has encompassed the world. Empires and imperialism marked the nineteenth century. States typically handled diplomacy through their ambassadors. Career diplomats became as familiar with each other as they were with the countries they came from and worked in during the nineteenth century. The way rulers treated diplomats was the same as in the 17th century. American expansion began in earnest under the cry of “manifest destiny.” US economic imperialism brought additional land to the country through war with Mexico, treaties with Great Britain, Russia, and the Hawaiian kings. European imperialism included, among other expansionist-style programs, the colonization of Africa. European leaders sent company agents who traveled into the interior in search of other resources that Africans may not have realized existed or were of value to Europeans. Colonization by British companies also occurred in India by the East India Company, which was a political and economic imperialism similar to that of East Africa in Egypt and the Kimberley diamond mines in South Africa. Meanwhile, the dominant European states formed alliances based on ideological principles, such as the Holy Alliance of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. These states came together because of their shared relationship...... middle of paper ......Francis e-Library.McLeod, John. The history of India. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002.Pletcher, David M. The Diplomacy of Engagement: American Economic Expansion Across the Pacific, 1784-1900. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001. United Nations. Charter of the United Nations. 24 October 1945. 1 UNTS XVI. http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter1.shtml (accessed 4 December 2011). Viola, Lora Anne. “The Reinvention of Diplomacy: Are International Negotiations Becoming More Democratic?” WZB-Mitteilungen, Heft 121 (September 2008). http://bibliothek.wzb.eu/artikel/2008/f-14290.pdf (accessed 3 December 2011).Wilson, Woodrow. "January 8, 1918: President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points." The Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library (2008). http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/wilson14.asp (accessed December 4, 2011).