Application of theory to the plan of care Nursing theories can be extremely useful in nursing practice. Although nursing theories cannot predict the changes a particular patient may experience over time, they can help nurses organize their care plan by offering a unique perspective to provide more efficient patient care. The four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm (person, environment, health and nursing) are present in all nursing theories although they are addressed, defined and presented differently (Masters, 2014, p. 48). Therefore, nurses can select the theory that best fits their beliefs and perspectives, as well as the needs and characteristics of their patients. Pender's Health Promotion Model and Newman Systems Model are MR has no acute health needs, but could benefit from some positive behavioral changes. Pender's theory “focuses on health-promoting behaviors” (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 125). If this theory is applied effectively, individuals will be able to identify their current behaviors and barriers, as well as transform their environment influenced by healthcare professionals towards a more balanced and positive lifestyle and behaviors (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 126). This theory is made up of several elements. First, this model considers individual characteristics and experiences. This block is divided into influence of related prior behaviors and personal factors including biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 126). Second, this theory considers behavior-specific cognitions and affects. According to Blais and Hayes (2011) this block is divided into perceived benefits from the individual's action (the individual's experiences will influence his participation in health promotion), perceived barriers (imaginary or real elements that reduce behaviors that promote health health), perceived self-efficacy (belief that someone can carry out the behavior to obtain the desired result), activity-related affects (subjective feelings before, during or after an activity), interpersonal influences (family, friends or healthcare professionals) and situational influences (direct or indirect environmental elements that promote health-promoting behaviors) (pp. 126-128). Furthermore, Pender's theory observes the individual's commitment to an action plan and the identification of specific strategies to implement a health promotion plan (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 129). Finally, this theory looks at the individual's immediate and competing demands (work or family responsibilities) and preferences (the individual can choose and control them) (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 129). All concepts