Topic > Social and Biological Reasoning Behind Crime - 1576

There are many theories about why criminals are criminals. These theories have been developed, modified and even discarded over the years. Each was contradicted and reaffirmed, until eventually a consensus was reached for both biological and sociological reasons that would explain why a person would act criminally or participate in a criminal act/behavior. I argue that the most relevant theories to answer why a person does these things are social disorganization and neurological factors, particularly testosterone levels in males. I will argue that social disorganization is the best way to explain crime from a sociological point of view. Shay and McKay developed the theory that social disorganization could be traced to the specific conditions of rural areas where the lower classes could afford to live. They studied lifestyles, finding that there was a high turnover rate in the homes and that there was a mix of ethnic backgrounds. An article written about their study states: "...key facts about the community are related [to crime] and delinquency..." A short statement, however one that would be built upon and questioned for years to come. It has been shown that an unstable environment, such as where a person will live next month or whether they will be able to afford food, could lead to an unstable family life which could then encroach on other aspects of a person's life. The article also states that there are several variables in this theory that make it accurate and should be respected. “Residential instability, ethnic diversity, family breakdown, economic status, population size, and proximity to urban areas influence a community's ability to develop and maintain strong systems of social relationships. and from a sociological point of view, and weighing the pros and cons, I strongly stand by my decision that social disorganization and the neurochemical factor of testosterone affect a person's likelihood of becoming a criminal. I would also say that I believe that sociological affect is a stronger push towards criminality or not, but also that it is easier to treat a sociological disorder. Biological disorders, although they can be predicted, cannot necessarily be prevented. It can also become labeling if you predetermine whether someone will be a criminal based on certain hormone levels. Sociological issues are easier to handle because you can reason with a person, reintegrate them, and provide some medications to help them manage anger, depression, and impulsivity. Both the biological and the sociological are important factors, but one is easier to diagnose and treat than the other.