IntroductionThe Government of India has envisaged the creation of hundreds of smart cities across the nation. A “smart city” is expected to incorporate basic infrastructure, smart solutions to improve the same, and rely on area-based development. The smart city should aim to provide basic infrastructure, sustainable and clean environment, quality of life, etc. One of the smart solutions listed involves “intelligent traffic management” (Pune Municipal Corporation, n.d.). The growing prosperity that India has witnessed goes hand in hand with the emergence of the need and importance of traffic and road accident management. With the rapid increase in automobile volume and increasing population, road traffic management has become a major challenge for authorities (Amit, 2013). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay Citizens of metropolitan cities are affected by traffic congestion, bottlenecks at intersections, indiscipline and insensitivity on roads causing accidents, dangerous atmosphere for commuters in. The city of Pune is an excellent example that demonstrates these facts (Supekar, 2008). Drunk driving is one of the main sources of road accidents. Statistics show that most traffic accidents on highways are due to drunk driving. Young people play an important role in such incidents. Strict laws are needed to control drunk driving. Driver fatigue is another reason for road accidents. Drunk driving also poses a threat to the lives of others and is immoral on many levels (Gopalakrishnan, 2012). Most countries have a multidisciplinary approach to traffic management and road layout. Pune suffers not only from narrow streets but also from streets without pavements or paths for pedestrians. Most of the roads in Pune are extremely narrow and, on top of that, it is a two-way commute, making it accident-prone. Stricter traffic laws and systems would help Pune control the damage that could be caused. This issue is one of the major concerns that Pune authorities should look into so that it fulfills the criterion of being a smart city and develop in that process. Much to our dismay, it appears that Pune still has a long way to go to achieve this goal. 11 Chapter 3 Literature Review Traffic management includes all physical measures designed to influence the movement of traffic on an existing network. Substantial changes to the network itself are excluded: such as the installation of roundabouts and overpasses; it also excludes measures such as taxation and licensing, which directly affect the volume of traffic or the type of vehicles used (Thompson, 1968). Traffic Management: "It is that aspect of management which concerns the planning, organisation, coordination and regulation of traffic operations, instruments and methods so as to ensure the safe, convenient and economical transportation of people and goods ” (Rajagopalan, 2013). According to the Manual of Road Safety Measures, “A road safety measure is any device or technical program that has as its sole objective the improvement of road safety or at least one of the stated objectives Road safety measures they can be directly on any element of the road system: land use patterns, the road itself, street furniture, traffic control devices, motor vehicles, law enforcement androad users and their behaviour. Improving road safety, unfortunately, is not a concept that has a standard scientific definition" (Rune Elvik, 2009!). The growing prosperity that India has witnessed goes hand in hand with the emergence of the need and importance of traffic management and road accidents. With the rapid increase in the volume of cars and the growing population, the management of road traffic (which includes pedestrians and vehicles) has become a major challenge for authorities (Amit, L The existence of a monitoring system constitutes a fundamental condition for the efficient functioning of the legal and traffic control system which allows the continuous adaptation of strategies and legal provisions to achieve an increase in the level of safety on the roads. For example: if the traffic police found a significant increase in young people driving while intoxicated, this should lead to an increase in sanctions, more roadside checks and special prevention campaigns (Directorate General for Energy and Transport, European Commission, 2010). Traffic jams not only create inconvenience for the driver during the journey, but also increase the travel time due to the slow speed of vehicles on the road. Cars move from bumper to bumper as the two wheels try to find their way out, which causes problems on the road. Traffic and road accidents represent a threat to human life and are therefore also a public health issue (Supekar, 2008). Traffic management should focus on judicious use of existing infrastructure and fair allocation of infrastructure space (such as road space and parking, should be independent) among competing users; direct pollution control and automatic signals and traffic light systems to achieve environmental objectives; ensure the safe and reliable operation of vehicles, in particular public transport (Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, European Commission, 2009). In India, on average around 56 accidents occur and 16 lives are lost every hour according to an analysis of road accident data from 2015. A very high percentage of road accident victims fall in the age group of 15 to 35 years, equal to 53.8 percent. hundred of all people who died in road accidents in 2015, which may be due to the weak risk aversion of young people (Road and Highway Transport Research Wing of the Ministry of Road Transport, 2016). There is a dual loss associated with this where highly productive manpower (or working days) is lost accompanied by the expenses incurred in treating these victims. In India, 69% of the total number of motor vehicles are motorized two-wheelers. Laws mandating helmet use are important for increasing helmet use, especially in low- and middle-income countries where helmet use rates are low and where there are large numbers of high-vehicle users. motorized two-wheelers (Jayadevan Sreedharan, 2010). . Road intersections are generally accident-prone areas, as suggested by evidence, where about 57% of the total accidents occurred at these intersections in 2015. It was observed that the maximum number of accidents occurred in uncontrolled areas with a share of 76.4% in total. road accidents on the examination of accidents that occurred in traffic or in police-controlled and uncontrolled areas (Transport Research Wing of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 2016). Therefore, effective traffic management is the main key to reducing the number of traffic accidents in a particular city. In light of these results, it isThere is an urgent need to do research in the field of traffic management and road safety so as to make Pune a smart city. The aim of the research should be to find innovative solutions to curb traffic congestion and prevent fatal road accidents and serious injuries. The next tables list cases of how various cities/countries have addressed the problem of traffic congestion and road accidents with the help of: implementation of public policies and law enforcement, solutions based on technology and innovation, a mix of all of the above. use public policy implementation and law enforcement to alleviate traffic and road accidents Key Swedish policy strategist Vision Zero, Matts-Ake Belin, holds the position of road safety strategist at the Swedish Transport Administration . The journal article "Vision Zero - an innovation in road safety policy", written in collaboration with Matts-Ake Belin, suggests that road safety is not an accident. The Vision Zero policy, unlike previous traditional policies, focused on adapting the road transport system to the individual and his capabilities and not vice versa through its innovative scientific foundation. The article states that the government's proposal does not attempted to eliminate all accidents, but instead had a public health perspective; where accidents resulting in property damage or minor personal injury were acceptable, but deaths and serious injuries were not. The article examines that, although this policy was based on plausible ethical principles, there was a political process in place in which there was a mutual understanding between the government and the Parliamentary Traffic Committee of Sweden to achieve the respective goal. Since studies show that deficiencies in the traffic environment and vehicle system are the main cause of approximately 63% of deaths, the article suggests that road and vehicle design that improvises on humans' tolerability towards violence external could avoid those 63% of deaths (Matts-Ake Belin, 2012). SN's Economist article, "Why Sweden has so few road deaths", rightly supports the magazine article "Vision Zero - an innovation in road safety policy" justifying the success of Vision Zero public policy in Sweden. SN deduces that as deaths in Sweden have fallen by half since 2000, it is on track to reach the "zero" target, with the help of proper planning and road construction that prioritizes safety over speed. or convenience. The author suggests that in the future, to eliminate human error, driverless cars could become the safest means of transportation. Therefore, the article draws attention to the possibility of further research in the field of driverless cars (SN, 2014). The IATSS research paper on Bangkok traffic talks about the main traffic and congestion problems. There is talk of the need to build more and more roads that can serve as alternative solutions. The inefficiency of the traffic control system and some solutions to overcome it are stated. The solution involves implementing a new public transport system with minibuses providing additional services to people and improving the image of BMT A buses (TANABORIBOON, 1993). Jon fern quest's article published on 1 October 2015 focuses on developing development plans that focus on improving public transport and cycle paths. We talk about the problem of more cars than people on the road, which leads to unnecessary pollution and traffic congestion., 2012).