Visualizing the water conduction system of woody plants is a critical parameter for estimating water alteration (Wullschleger et al. 2001, Kumagai et al. 2005) and anatomical changes caused by implications that promote seedling growth in reforestation ecosystems. The xylem, which is the main part of the water conduction system, as demonstrated by experimental evidence in plants, regulates water transport regulated by the differentiation of water potential between the air surrounding the leaves and the soil surrounding the leaves. roots (Myburg and Sederoff, 2001). plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Numerous studies have been conducted to visualize water pathways through the xylem in several methods, including dye injection (Umebayashi et al. 2007; Maton and Gartner 2005), radioactive dye injection (Postlethwait and Rogers 1958) and observation of water in plants with NMR imaging (Utsuzawa et al. 2005). However, these methods are difficult and expensive to implement on small seedlings. Furthermore, different staining solutions have been used to visualize the water conduction system (Jupa et al. 2015). Acid fuchsion (Maton and Gartner, 2005) and safranin o (Schulte and Brooks, 2003) stains were used to visualize the water conduction system in pine seedlings. However, the protocols belonging to such dyes were not clearly detailed and usable to have a clear observation to measure the diameter of hydraulically active xylem. The diameter and percentage of hydraulically active xylem can be one of the best indicators, which can be anatomically improved by implementations in the nursery growth stage, show and determine seedling survival and growth performance in difficult planting sites. We have little knowledge about how environmental stresses such as drought affect xylem hydraulics in conifers; especially in Pinus ponderosa. As water-conducting tissues and hydraulics are critical to understanding how producing seedlings adapted to planting sites is important to improve post-planting success. Ponderosa pine seedling morphology, such as improving seedling height and root collar diameter, was promoted by early nursery practices. It was expected that the xylem diameter and hydraulic activity in the total amount of xylem would be changed with the initial nursery practices. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay So, to test this prediction, cristal viola staning was used to visualize hydraulic activity and diameter of ponderosa pine seedlings in Chapter 1, resulting in an inability to visualize xylem diameter. The objective of this study is to develop the best dye staining combination using acid fuchsin and safranin or in three concentrations (0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5%), three dye exposure time periods ( 10 min, 20 min and 30 min), and another two time series to keep the seedlings in distilled water (0 minutes and 5 minutes). These dye-stained combinations, including time series, were compared using light microscopy images based on a classification procedure in terms of clarity of the hydraulically active xylem of ponderosa pine seedlings.