Topic n. 4: Mathematical and Scientific Discoveries of India, China and GreeceThere are many ancient civilizations that have achieved achievements in mathematics and science. Three of these civilizations were India, China and Greece. Ancient India was founded around 2500 BC and its first civilization was known as the Indus River Valley Civilization. It was located near the Indus and Ganges rivers, which periodically overflowed. In addition to its mathematical and scientific achievements, it was one of the first civilizations to have complex cities. Ancient China had its first famous dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, created around 1750 BC. It was isolated by mountains, deserts and rivers. These rivers were the Huang He (Yellow) River, the Yangtze River, and the Xi Jiang (West) River. Perhaps the greatest achievement of this dynasty was their bronze work, although they also contributed to mathematics and the sciences. Finally, ancient Greece was founded in 1100 BC, on a peninsula. It was also composed of 1400 small islands, which were located in the Aegean and Ionian seas. Ancient India, China and Greece all had significant contributions in science and mathematics, but the contributions of the Greeks had the greatest influence on us today because they created the Pythagorean theorem, discovered atoms, calculated the size of the Earth , found the value of pi. , and had even more discoveries and results, many of which we still use today. The ancient Indians had some mathematical achievements. One of their mathematical achievements, which was demonstrated in the Vedic texts, is that they had names for every number up to one billion. The Vedic texts also show that they were able to calculate irrational numbers, such as √3, very accurately (Whitfield, Traditions 42)....... middle of paper ......affect us in numerous ways, as in architecture, modern mathematics, modern science, medical world, technology and much more. Ancient India, China, and Greece all contributed to mathematics and science, however, the Greek achievements influenced us the most. They invented the Pythagorean theorem, calculated the value of pi, discovered atoms, precisely calculated the dimensions of the Earth and achieved many more results than India or China. Although the Greeks influenced modern mathematics and science the most, the achievements of all three civilizations also influence us today. These achievements range from the discovery of atoms to the invention of a primitive computer. They contribute to modern mathematics and science, architecture, the medical world, technology and economics. The achievements and contributions of ancient India, China, and Greece continue to amaze and influence us today.