The practice of intentionally selling a low-quality diamond for a higher-quality one, and therefore at a higher price and profit, would not have good support from any of the five ethical theories for many good reasons. First, the free market theory, according to which the goal of any company is to bring maximum profit to its shareholders as long as the actions do not violate anyone's rights, violates the right of buyers to information that justifies the value and the transaction. Second, in any society, there are as many buyers of diamonds as there are sellers of diamonds, the support of which does not come from utilitarian theory, which states that in any given situation, actions must produce the greatest goods for the greatest number of people. Third, Kantian deontological theory states that an act must be performed because it is appropriate for everyone, which means that the seller has a duty towards the buyer to sell a new product for what it is, and not for what it the product is not. Fourth, the theory of virtue ethics emphasizes the character trait of good salesmen, who are expected to sell goods honestly and principally, which are desirable for a given society. Finally, here again the ethics of care analysis has no support for the seller because deceptive sales practices harm relationships between buyer and seller as well as other stakeholders. Violation of Consumer Protection Law and RICO causes EGL and major retailers to violate all five ethical theories for obvious reasons.
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