Throughout history, advances in medicine and technology are written about through the involvement of animal testing. Aristotle (384-322 BC) and Erasistratus (304-258 BC) both performed numerous experiments on live animals for the advancement of human intellect. The defenseless animals had to undergo surgeries and multiple experiments for the benefit of human knowledge. Today, there are some laws established by the United States legislature that “ensure that certain animals intended for use in research facilities are provided humane care and treatment” (Animal Welfare Act). The distinction between “humane care and treatment” on paper, and “humane care and treatment” in reality, has such a magnanimous boundary that, according to some, the inhumane experiments and procedures practiced are not perceived as such. When people see the “big names” in science and medicine, they only think about what those scientists accomplished instead of what they had to do to get there. Aelius Galen or Claudius Galen was the medical giant of his time. Better known as Galen, he conducted experiments on animals to deepen his knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology and pharmacology. By using animals he was able to make numerous advances in medicine. Claude Bernard, the father of physiology, was the first scientist to include animal experimentation in the scientific method as a standardized phase. During the 12th century, Ibn Zuhr, Avenzoar, introduced animal experimentation to Moorish Spain as a technique for examining various surgical interventions before performing them on humans. Many believed, and still believe, that animal testing is beneficial to humans, does not justify the pain inflicted on animals... middle of paper... vaccines against smallpox, anthrax, rabies, tetanus and polio. Because the animals we know know how to perform open-heart surgery, perform organ transplants, and carry out gene transfers for cystic fibrosis. These have saved the lives of many by sacrificing their own, but now that there are so many alternatives, scientists and researchers should take advantage of these advances instead of taking advantage of defenseless animals. common sense can lead to madness, which is the handmaiden of crime” – Theodore Roosevelt. He's saying that if someone knows what to do, but doesn't stop and decide whether it's the right thing to do or not, then it's a criminal act. However, when one knows that it is wrong, but does not pay attention to rationality, then that person could also be complicit in the crime.