Research consistently validates the association between low self-esteem and bullying victimization (Hong, Kral, & Sterzing, 2014). According to the study conducted by Kirkham and O'Moore (2000) in primary and post-primary schools, it emerged that bullies and victims have low self-esteem compared to their peers who have never been victims of bullying and have not even suffered acts of bullying. The study further analyzed self-esteem and found that other factors such as physical appearance, happiness, academic performance, relationship with parents and so on have an effect on bullying (Kirkham and O'Moore, 2000). These problems affect self-esteem because it is part of everyday life. If these are not positive reinforcements in one's life, this can lead to a low point
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