Maintaining attention on relevant stimuli while simultaneously suppressing irrelevant information is essential for an individual to process information successfully. Top-down attentional control in the presence of interference has been extensively studied using the Stroop paradigm. The Stroop effect was first described approximately 70 years ago (Stroop, 1935). But it has been intensively studied in cognitive neuroscience as a valid research tool for the investigation of perceptual and cognitive abilities (Dyer & Severance, 1973; Jensen & Rohwer, 1966; MacLeod, 1991). Despite numerous changes made over the years, the basic principle remains the same. In the classic Stroop task, participants name the colors of inks in which incongruent color words are printed (e.g., RED printed with blue ink) while ignoring the words. Participants took longer to name ink colors when presented with incongruent color words than when presented with color control stimuli (e.g., color swatches). Visual Stroop and its effects have been studied over the years in more detail than auditory ones....
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