Since the inception of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000, ensuring democratic freedoms in developing countries has become a major global political concern. As a result, various donor countries have implemented good governance conditions in their financial aid policies, emphasizing the establishment of fair democratic elections in recipient countries. However, efforts to strengthen legitimate democratic governments in developing countries have been largely unsuccessful. In Wars, Guns, and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places, economist Paul Collier examines how the international community's obsession with democracy and elections has hindered the development process in what he called the bottom billion countries . Using methods of economic analysis, Collier demonstrates how current international development policies have exacerbated, rather than diminished, existing problems that hinder reconstruction efforts in low-income states. To help remedy the harmful effects of these policies, Collier proposes several innovative solutions that he believes could better support political and economic development in the bottom billion. However, Wars, Guns, and Votes is not without its limitations. Although Collier offers a new economic perspective to topics previously dominated by other social sciences, he fails to define key concepts relevant to his argument. Additionally, Collier's writing style is extremely convoluted. Therefore, it can be seen that although Wars, Guns, and Votes provides a new approach to economics-based development, the book is limited in terms of comprehensiveness and accessibility. Collier begins Wars, Guns, and Votes, examining the issues that hinder the successful implementation of democracy...... middle of paper ......he then analyzes the different social, economic, and political characteristics of each country who experienced or was about to experience a civil war. As a result, Collier and Hoeffler were able to conclude (Collier 2010, p.123-124) “that low-income countries are more likely to break out in civil war”. Therefore, it can be seen that, although the causes of the Civil War have been widely studied by other academic disciplines, Collier's statistical approach offers a new qualitative perspective to the topic. Furthermore, Collier's use of economic analysis methods helps support the legitimacy of his main arguments, as well as reinforces the idea that the book is comprehensive and well-researched. Despite the book's strengths, however, it also suffers from a number of weaknesses. In the book, the problems of political violence in the last billion countries