Noise can be external, physiological or psychological in nature. External noise can include loud sounds and visual distractions that cause a message to be misinterpreted. Physiological noise includes distractions such as hunger or illness, as well as physiological disabilities or impairments in the sender or recipient of a message. Psychological noises are internal noises such as personal values and ideas, rapid thinking, or, as in my situation, linguistic differences that limit the mind's ability to interpret messages effectively. When these noises interfere with an encoded message, the recipient cannot provide accurate feedback, causing miscommunication and confusion, just like those caused by the language barrier between me and the two boys. In general I solved this problem by keeping the instructions or comments very simple, and clarifying with the kids if they understood me. What I didn't realize at the time, however, is the power that nonverbal interactions can have on communication. It is said that only 35% of the meaning of a message comes from verbal communication, while the remaining 65% comes from non-verbal communication. sources (Birdwhistell 1970). While trying to communicate with Sam and Duha during the day of the sale, I could have used a lot more "kinesic behavior". Dwyer (2013, pp. 36) describes kinesic behavior as the way a person moves their body, limbs, and facial expressions in a way that contributes to the meaning of a message. I could use the powerful effects of such gestures to aid communication between Sam, Duha and me. For example, instead of just giving instructions, I could have added gestures such as pointing to tables and using hand movements to imitate an activity such as... in the center of the paper... rules and formal structure. Finally, the masculinity of a culture depends on the level of clarification between male and female values and roles. A masculine society is characterized by having defined roles for each gender, where success and material goods are highly valued. At the other end of the scale, a feminine society focuses more on supporting and caring for others, and less emphasis on quantifiable possessions and roles for men and women. Works CitedBirdwhistell, RL 1970. Kinesics and Context, University of Pennsylvania press, PhiladelphiaDwyer, J 2013, 'Foudnations of communication', in Communication for business professions: strategies and skills, 5th edition, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest, pp3-28. Haas, A. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, ISSN 0077-8923, 06/1979, Volume 327, Number 1 Language, Sex, pp. 101 - 109
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