Insects are the largest group of living things on Earth and a good example of insects are butterflies. It has been accustomed to the public and science for its striking colors and elegant flight (Perveen & Fazal, 2013). Butterflies are defined as flying insects with large wings, usually colorful and attractive. It is known as the most effective pollinator of flowers other than moths and bees (Perveen & Fazal, 2013). The flower is the main source of food for butterflies (Abang, 2006). Quinn and Klym (2009) stated that railroad lanes and power lines, deserted fields, and along dirt roads are among the many habitats of butterflies. The exact number of existing butterfly types is still unknown. However, butterflies can be classified into three categories: Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies), Lycaenidae (Gosaemer-Wings), and Hesperiidae (skippers). The first type of butterfly is the Nymphalidae. According to Abang (2006), Nymphalidae are also known as four-legged butterflies and these types of butterflies are generally medium or large in size and most of them have bright colors. They get their name from their appearance, which is more like a brush, and they walk and stand using mainly their hind legs. Nymphalids love the sun and many of them fly with the typical nymphalid flight. This type of butterflies includes monarchs, blue morphs, and fritillaries (Wahlberg, 2006). Durden and Rose (1978) stated that the handful of fossils available suggest that the butterflies are relatively young, with the oldest fossil dated at 48 million years old belonging to the family Papilionidae. The quino checkerspot butterfly (QCB) is an example of a species in the Nymphalidae family. However, this species was listed as... center of sheet... Perveen, F., & Fazal, F. (2013). Hazara University Butterfly Biology and Distribution, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 3(2A), 28-36. Quinn, M., & Klym, M. (2009). An introduction to butterfly observation. Austin, Texas: Texas State Publications Clearinghouse.Thomas, J. A., Thomas, C. D., Simcox, D. J. & Clarke, R. T. (1986). Ecology and declining status of the silver-spotted skipper butterfly (Hesperia comma) in Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 365–380. Tiple, A. D., & Khurad, A. M. (2009). Butterfly species diversity, habitat and seasonal distribution in and around Nagpur city, Central India. World Journal of Zoology. 4(3), 153-162. Wahlberg, N. (2006). That awkward age for butterflies: Insights from the age of the butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Systematic biologists. 55(5), 704.
tags