Nosocomial infections Nosocomial infections are those that originate or occur in a hospital or hospital-like situation. The development of such infections is favored by the hospital environment, such as those contracted by a patient during a hospital visit or those that develop among hospital staff. Such infections include fungal and bacterial infections. They are mostly caused by the reduced resistance of individual patients. A nosocomial infection is also known as HAI (hospital acquired infection). Factors leading to nosocomial infectionsFactors leading to the efficient transmission of nosocomial infections include:1. High frequency of pathogens2. High prevalence of compromised hosts3. Effective mechanisms of patient-to-patient transmission These three factors lead not only to an increased likelihood of pathogen transmission within hospitals, but also to the evolution of potentially virulent strains of microorganisms commonly found in hospitals. Nosocomial infections are responsible for approximately 20,000 deaths worldwide. United States per year. Approximately 10% of American hospital patients (approximately 2 million each year) contract a clinically significant nosocomial infection. Transmission of Nosocomial Infections Nosocomial infections are commonly transmitted when hospital officials become hypocritical and staff do not regularly practice adequate hygiene. Furthermore, the increase in the use of outpatient care in recent decades means that a greater proportion of people now admitted to hospital are at risk of being seriously ill with a weaker immune system than in the past. Additionally, some medical procedures overcome the body's natural protective barriers. As medical staff move from patient to patient, the staff themselves act as a means to… half the paper… used to treat MRSA infections. Treatment of MRSA infection with vancomycin can be challenging, due to its inconvenient route of administration. Furthermore, many doctors believe that the effectiveness of vancomycin against MRSA is rather low compared to that of antistaphylococcal beta-lactam antibiotics against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Several recently discovered MRSA strains show antibiotic resistance including vancomycin and teicoplanin. . These new evolutions of the MRSA bacterium have been designated as vancomycin-intermediately resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, and tigecycline are used to treat more serious infections that do not respond to glycopeptides such as vancomycin. Current guidelines recommend daptomycin for VISA bloodstream infections and endocarditis. Conclusion:-