Did you know that New York institutions are legally violating the civil rights of black and Hispanic citizens? These circumstances are the result of the NYPD's attempt to protect the greater good of New York; Stop and Frisk is the policy that attempts to bring this matter to an end. Stop and Frisk consistently targets black and Hispanic citizens, therefore it does not promote a just and equal society as it views these ethnicities as more likely to commit crime. The origin of Stop and Frisk dates back to the Supreme Court case of Terry V. Ohio, which occurred in 1968. Terry, an experienced undercover officer, stopped and frisked three suspicious men; one produced a gun without permission. This Supreme Court case essentially held that Stop and Frisk is constitutional under the Fourth Amendment (PBS Newshour). Stop and Frisk can essentially limit the rights of some individuals because it gives the NYPD permission to avoid the Fourth Amendment, which protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The NYPD is permitted to stop and search an individual under circumstances of probable cause: if an article or substance capable of causing serious bodily injury or is not normally carried in public places by law-abiding persons is present and in beautiful view, or if the stop and frisk is supported by an oath of affirmation (FindLaw). Stop and Frisk negatively impacts New York's black and Hispanic citizens because it promotes institutional racism. The NYPD is promoting institutional racism through the implementation of Stop and Frisk. Institutional racism consists of institutional policies and procedures that have a disproportionately negative effect on racial minorities' access to and quality of goods and services, and... middle of paper... lice specifically give them the hunting, which causes them to lose faith and trust in the people they should trust to protect them. This is a dangerous outcome since people do not rely on their police when they find themselves in a situation that requires the help of the NYPD. None of these impacts of Stop and Frisk are attributable to a just and equitable society. The way the NYPD executes Stop and Frisk results in a lack of fairness, equality and justice in Black and Hispanic communities across New York. One of the main causes of this phenomenon is that the police feel they have superior power over these inferior ethnic groups; arising from the fact that the police possess the ability to violate people's civil rights under the Fourth Amendment. With this evidence, many would agree that Stop and Frisk negatively impacts Black and Hispanic citizens because it promotes institutional racism..