Topic > John Locke's Argument Against the Will Being Free

This essay discusses John Locke's statement: “It is as meaningless to ask whether man's will is free, as to ask whether his sleep is rapid, or its square virtue: freedom being as little applicable to the Will as the rapidity of Movement is to Sleep, or quadrature to Truth. Locke came to this conclusion while writing on the topic of power in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Next, I will discuss whether Locke succeeded in establishing this parameter against the will being free. I conclude that Locke makes an inconsistent and unclear argument on this specific topic. This conclusion will be addressed in this essay. To accomplish this task, I will first lay out the argument put forward by Locke. An explanation of the argument will follow later. Next I will offer an argument that contradicts Locke's view. Finally, I will demonstrate how Locke's argument can be attacked, making it unstable with respect to his previous claim. In Book II, Chapter XXI Of Power in An Essay on Human Intellect, John Locke argues against the will to be free. Locke argues that the Will is a power: “This power which the mind has, of thus ordering the consideration of any idea, or of abstaining from considering it; or to prefer the movement of any part of the body to its rest, and vice versa in any particular case, is what we call will” (2.21.5). Furthermore, Locke states that the exercise of directing this power in any particular action is what we call “volition or will” (2.21.5). According to Locke, Freedom is also a power, however, this power is found “in any agent to do or abstain from any particular action, according to the determination or thought of the mind” (2.21.8). After making these two clear distinctions, Locke argues that the mind occasionally has freedom, relative to the will, to perform actions. Locke also seems to add a second distinctive feature of freedom. In this case, not only does freedom have the power to perform or refrain from an action, but it also has the power to suspend its execution to decide what course of action to take. Finally, he insists that freedom cannot be asserted by will, but later reasons, though he believes improperly, that free will is the power to suspend execution to decide. This essay discusses John Locke's view on the Will to be free and how he concluded that the Will was not free. This is a finding he discovered while writing On Power in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. I have offered reasons why this is an argument that seems to contradict itself, which makes it inconsistent and unstable.