Animal testing is a controversial topic with two main sides to the argument. The side against animal testing says it is immoral and inhumane; that animals have the right to choose where and how to live instead of being subjected to experiments. The idea is that all living organisms have the right to freedom; it is a right, not a privilege. The party in favor of animal testing believes that it should continue, because without animal testing there would be fewer medical and scientific progress. This part claims that the result is worth the investment in animal testing. The discussion of animal testing is older than the United States of America, dating back to 1650, when Edmund O'Meara stated that vivisection, the dissection of live animals, is an unnatural act. Although this is one of the first major oppositions to animal testing, animal testing had already been practiced for millennia. There are two sides that oppose each other in the topic of animal testing, and the topic is one of the oldest topics still being discussed today. The history of animal experimentation and testing, and the subject matter surrounding it, has an expansive and quite extensive history. Some of the first medical research conducted on live animals was conducted by Aelius Galen, better known as Galen, in the 2nd century AD. There were examples of testing on animals in earlier times, but Galen dedicated his life to understanding science and medicine, for this reason he is attributed the role of father of vivisection. In the 12th century, an Arab doctor named Avenzoar introduced animal testing on dissections as a means to better understand surgery before performing the operation on a human patient. Edmund O'Meara created one of the first opposing ar...... mid article ......erican Journal of Psychiatry 158.10 (2001): 1587. ProQuest. Network. 19 April 2014. "Biomedical research | Use of animals in research." Biomedical research | Use of animals in research. Np, nd Web. April 19, 2014. Dawson, Liza. “The 1954 Salk Polio Vaccine Trial: Risks, Randomization, and Public Involvement in the Research.” Clinical Studies 1.1 (2004): 122-30. ProQuest. Network. April 19, 2014. Sun, Shany. “The truth behind animal testing.” Young Scientists Journal 5.12 (2012): 835. ProQuest. Network. April 14, 2014.Whitmore, William Henry. A Bibliographic Sketch of the Laws of the Massachusetts Colony from 1630 to 1686 in which the Body of Liberties of 1641 and the Records of the Court of Attendants, 1641-1644, are included. Arranged to accompany the reprints of the laws of 1660 and 1. Boston: Rockwell and Churchill, printers, 1890. Print.