In the text "Parenting and Homelessness: Overview and Introduction to the Special Section" by Kristen Paquette and Ellen L. Bassuk (2009), the authors argue "Homeless children are fourfold more likely to exhibit developmental delays and have double the rate of learning disabilities than children in low-income homes. One in three repeats a grade” (p. 295), this amount of stress can be very toxic to a child, especially if they don't know how to deal with it in a way that promotes progress. I think there are many things that simultaneously affect the child academically or developmentally, firstly the stress of being homeless, secondly. nourishment, these children are not given the necessary nourishment to grow properly, three lack of sleep due to fear, anxiety or other similar things. Finally, for many reasons I have come to the conclusion that many of these children are worse off than their peers because of their families, for example they do not belong to a family that speaks English well. One of the risk factors for homelessness is low educational attainment, which I believe is also part of the problem if the parent is unable to earn a high school diploma compared to what the child could.