Intelligence vs. Law Enforcement Intelligence gathering and arresting criminals has been happening for many years; however, with the exception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these actions were carried out by several organizations. Nonetheless, roles and responsibilities changed after the attacks of September 11, 2001. Intelligence-led policing and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Program were incorporated, and fusion centers were established to help gather intelligence from different levels of government. While law enforcement at the local, state, and tribal levels assist in intelligence gathering, it is important to ensure that information collected to protect national security and law enforcement security is maintained separately. While law enforcement operations can reinforce intelligence operations and vice versa, complications can arise when the two actions are combined. Government agencies must also ensure that sensitive and classified information is not leaked or compromised during intelligence sharing. Therefore the purpose is to describe intelligence and law enforcement operations, discuss expectations of prevention and punishment, and discuss the benefits and consequences of combining law enforcement and intelligence operations. Characteristics of Intelligence Operations Intelligence operations consist of many actions and are carried out by various intelligence organizations. . Intelligence operations consist of planning, collection, analysis, espionage, exploitation, dissemination, evaluation, etc. Intelligence operations are performed by numerous organizations, such as the Department of Defense (DOD), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA),...... middle of paper...... 08276224?accountid=28180Ott, TP (2010). U.S. law enforcement strategies to combat organized crime threats to financial institutions. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(4), 375-386. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590791011082742Plecas, D., McCormick, A. V., Levine, J., Neal, P., & Cohen, I. M. (2011). Evidence-based solution for sharing information between law enforcement agencies. Police, 34(1), 120-134. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511111106641 Schaible, L. M., & Sheffield, J. (2012). Intelligence-led policing and change in state law enforcement. Police, 35(4), 761-784. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511211275643 Tidd, J. M. (2008). From Revolution to Reform: A Brief History of American Intelligence. The SAISReview of International Affairs, 28(1), 5-24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/231350775?accountid=28180