Topic > Industrial pollutants: heavy metals and their salts

1. IntroductionHeavy metals and their salts (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Co, Ni,) are very widespread industrial pollutants. In the waters they come from natural sources (rocks, surface layers of soil and aquifers), from waste water from numerous industrial enterprises and from precipitation, which are polluted with smoke emissions. Heavy metals as trace elements are constantly encountered in natural waters and aquatic bodies. Depending on the geochemical conditions of the wide variations in their level. Heavy metals are quite stable. Upon entering the ponds they are inserted into the cycle of matter and subjected to various transformations. Inorganic compounds rapidly bind to the water buffer system and are transferred into poorly soluble hydroxides, carbonates, sulfides and phosphates and also form organometallic complexes that are adsorbed into bottom sediments. Under the influence of living organisms (bacteria, etc.) mercury, tin, arsenic undergoes methylation, becoming a more toxic alkyl compound. Furthermore, metals can accumulate in various organisms and be transmitted in increasing quantities through the food chain. Particularly dangerous are mercury, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, since their intake in humans and higher animals can cause poisoning. The accumulation coefficient material varies from hundreds to several thousands. There are many heavy metals, however in this project we focused on Co(II). Because Co(II) appears to be one of the essential elements for the human body at low concentration. However, when cobalt is too concentrated, it can harm the human body and cause diseases such as asthma and pneumonia1. Cobalt pollution can be caused by automobile gas turbines, used in many alloys (superalloys for gas turbine aircraft engine parts, corrosion r...... middle of paper ...... program, I feel ready to transfer to a four-year college and further participate in the Honors Program.7. "Cobalt - Co. Lenntech BV, nd Web November 28, 2013. .2 Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5, 1807-1817.3 Park, D. and Yeoung-Sang, Y. 2010, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 15, 86-102.4, Rehm, B. 2009, Alginates: Biology and Applications, Springer, New York, USA.5 Gulay, S. 2009, Immobilization of recombinant thermophilic esterase enzyme by entrapment in coated calcium alginate beads. Thesis of the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of the Izmir Institute of Technology.6 and Yoe, R. 1954, Anal., 26, 1345-1347.7 Kotrba, P., Mackova, M. and Macek, T. 2011, Microbial Biosorption of Metals: Springer, New York, USA.