Our lives are strongly influenced by our culture, the ecological environment, the political environment and our economic structure. The general method of organizing a complex modern society relies heavily on the foundational economic theories regarding the method of production, the method of organization, and the distribution of wealth among members of the society. This article is specifically concerned with the views and theoretical contexts of two dominant theories of the last century, Keynesianism and neoliberalism. Our social economic order is the product of the two theories and has evolved through many stages to get to where it is today. The two ideologies rely on different foundations for their economic outcomes, but both encourage capitalism and argue that it is the superior form of economic organization. In the last quarter of the 20th century, neoliberalism became the dominant ideology guiding the political and economic decisions of most developed nations. This dominant ideology creates wealth inequality and creates inequality through the promotion of competitive markets free from regulation. The neoliberal's ability to reduce the size of national government limits the powers and capabilities of elected representatives and allows corporations to become much larger and exert much greater force on national and provincial governments to act in their favor. Therefore, it is extremely important at this time to know the underlying power relations in our economy and how the two ideologies compare on important aspects of the political economy. Comparing the two theories with respect to managing the level of unemployment, financing the welfare state and pursuing national or international goals, I will argue that Keynesianism provides far greater stability, amounting to half the paper. ..the real wage rate has remained stagnant while productivity has increased. The disparities between the two visions of the economy lead to very different policies that have produced contradictory results. Keynesian theory presents the logic of structuralism as the basis of economic decisions and provides support for government involvement to maintain high levels of employment. The argument is that people make decisions based on their environment and when investment declines due to structural changes, the economy suffers from recession. The government must act against this movement and increase the level of employment through fiscal injections and workforce training. Indeed, the government itself should increase hiring in Crown corporations. On the contrary, neoliberal theory attributes the self-interest of individuals as the determining factor of the level of employment.