Provision of oral health care is one of the determinants of oral health. In India, where 21.9% of the population lives below the poverty line, without separate national budgets, insurance, policies and programmes, oral healthcare is provided by a mix of public and private sector providers. Unequal distribution of dental personnel, variation in the quality of care between the public and private sectors, and the affordability of oral healthcare are the main challenges involved. Rapid growth in the dental market, dental tourism and increased awareness of oral healthcare are some of the positive aspects of oral healthcare delivery in the Indian scenario. Introduction: India is an emerging economy with a population of over one billion. The foundation for the organization of health services in India through primary health care was laid by the recommendations given by the Health Survey and Development Committee (Bhore Committee) in 1946.5 Since then, with a gradual increase in economy, technology, literacy rates, insurance systems and various health policy reforms have brought about huge improvements in both the public and private healthcare sectors. Oral health is an essential component of overall health. Recognizing this fact, over the last two decades, there has been an increase in the number of dental colleges, dental staff and oral care products at multiple levels in the Indian markets, which has led to an increase in awareness and of demand for oral care products. health care. However, there has been growing concern about the increasing prevalence of oral diseases. Therefore, this literature review was carried out, with the aim of improving our knowledge on the prevalence of oral diseases, existing modalities, positive and negative aspects of oral healthcare in...... half of the article ...... 2013; 3(2): 171-178. http://www.cibtech.org/jms.htm [accessed 3 November 2013]4. Ahuja NK, Renu Parmar. Demographics and current scenario with respect to dentists, dental institutes and dental practices in India. Ind J of Dental Sciences 2011; 3(2): 8-11. http://www.ijds.in [accessed 3 November 2013]5. Yeravdekar R, Yeravdekar VR, Tutakne MA, Bhatia NP, Tambe M. Strengthening primary healthcare: key to providing inclusive healthcare. Indian Public Health J. April-June 2013; 57(2):59-64.6. Bali RK, Mathur VB, Talwar PP, Chanana HB. National Oral Health Survey and Fluoride Mapping; 2002-2003. India, Dental Council of India, New Delhi; 2004.7. Available from: http://mohfw.nic.in/ [accessed 8 October 2013].8. Available from: http://www.dciindia.org/index.aspx [accessed 30 November 2013].9. Available from: http://planningcommission.nic.in/ [accessed 3 November 2013]